EM+Unit+4

-The Hydaulis was one of the first major instruments created in the second century, which eventually led to the creation of an organ -Elisha Gray created the musical telegraph, one of the first electronic instruments, with one note per one oscillator, transmitted over the telephone line -Thaddeus Cahil patented the Telharmonium which was very big and could be considered the first major electronic instrument ...weighed 200 tons, used 14000 watts...no amplifier, used telephone wires -Theremin...invented in 1919 by Leon Theremin...uses antennas and oscillators -the vacuum tube amplifies a signal -The Rhythmicon was a rhythmic machine that did whole number multiples of whatever the first note was -The Ondes-Martenot had control over a specific pitch and was played like a piano (successful, only one of its generation used today), built in 1928 -Musique Concrete cuts up music and pastes it back together to make different noises...taking samples by recording them and then cutting them up -Hammond B-3...one of the first electronic music devices that people were buying to put in their homes -RCA Mark 2 had a bunch of oscillators together and poked wholes in the paper that called for a specific oscillator at a specific time -Moog Modular Synthesis and Mini Moog (only could play one note at a tie) and Polymoog (one of the most important advancements because you could only play one note at a time) -Yamaha DX7 was an FM synthesiser that was also algorithmic


 * Oramics (1959):**

Oramics was a drawn sound technique, originally designed in 1957 by Daphne Oram. The machine was further developed in the earlier 1960's, and it involves drawing on 35mm film strips to control the sound produced. Although the concept of drawn sound was not new, the Oramics system revealed a more lucid, free and at the same time more precise analogue of sound waveforms.

Oram's composition machine consisted of a large rectangular metal frame, providing a table-like surface traversed by ten synchronised strips of clear, sprocketed 35mm film. The musician drew shapes on the film to create a mask, which modulated the light received by photocells. Although the output from the machine was monophonic, the sounds could be added to multitrack tapes to provide more texture.

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Singing arc was discovered by William Duddell...arc lamps have an electrical hum which is from fluctuating the electric current. Duddell discovered a way to control the pitch of the hum thus creating the singing arc. Did not use telephone wires

The intinirumori were acoustic noise generators (cranked)

The audion piano was made by Lee Deforest and combined two signals to create a third one, basically FM synthesis

The piano rad was designed by Hugo Gemsback and was based on emptiness valves counted on 25 oscillating, and a loudspeaker was mooted in a platform on keyboard (polyphonic) (1923)

The Wurlitzer SideMan was manufactured from 1959-1969, was the world's first drum machine, and could create drum patterns using a small electric motor inside, creating popular drum rhythms depending on your genre and specific instrument sounds

The Mellotron was created in the 1960's and it uses magnetic strips with the recorded 8-second sample

The Synket was the first portable voltage controlled synthesizer, made in Italy in either 1962 or 1964 by Paul Ketoff, it had three small keyboards each which controlled a single tone and connected to a different modular, it had 3 LFO's, and it could be performed in concerts

The EMS Synthesizer was invented by Peter Zinovieff, it was a small, compact synthesizer, it had a unique patch board matrix, used vector synthesis

The Free Music Machine was made by Percy Granger in 1948 and it had 8 oscillators and 8 amplifiers, 4 on each side, they could all be played simultaneously, it had 7 different voices and could play any pitch in those 7 voices, you didn't actually play it, you would turn it on, it was chance music

The Multimonica was created in 1940 and was produced by Hohner GmbH, one of the first mass produced electronic analog synthesizers, combination of a reed organ (lower) and a monophonic sawtooth synthesizer

The Vocoder generates synthesis

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Notes:


 * Questions to answer:**

1. How was Moog’s original music and instruments received by the masses? People thought that it wasn't natural. They were freaking out. 2. Before 1968 how much electronic music was being heard? People heard funny sounds, sounds from commercials, etc. 3. The album that changed the view of electronic music was entitled _ Switched on bach 4. Moog's original Synth modules were built in what year? 1964 5. **Vladamir Ussachevsky** defined specific controls that shape the sound. The control was called the _ Envelope (ADSR) 6. How does Moog view the relationship between the circuit board and the human mind? You can visualize how the sound is changing and through making mental contact with the instrument and circuit board (connecting things in the universe not directly through our senses) 7. What technique does the musician use to accurately change pitch on the Theremin? The closer you get to the stick, the higher the pitch. 8. What instrument was Moog initially obsessed with; served as the thread for most of his instrument creations? The theremin. 9. What is moog’s thought on the most important aspect of music? Musicians and listeners interacting. 10. Why did he feel that his instruments were built for live performance? Because that is the most basic sort of music, not an emulation, where interactions occur between performers and listeners.