AP+Unit+2

Martinville created first known recording device in 1857-phono autograph. Leon Scott made recording in 1860, not able to play back. Collects sounds through horn, took a energy, vibrated needle, spun disk, makes groove on cylinder with soot. Only recording visual representation, no visual. Edison later used same principle with tinfoil and wax to record, allowed for actual sound playback. Emile Berliner in 1888 created first gramophone. Played what was called 78's referring to 78 revolutions per min. 1948 CBS records created LP, allowed more music to be played on one album. had 33 and 1 3d revolutions per min. RCA records came out with 45s with A and B side, smaller,a lot of 33 and 1 3ds couldn't play these until 1954. Plastic tape on reels were captured in WWII, had magnets with polarity that changed based on vibrations, used to record, didn't degrade over time. By 1960s, magnetic tape- 8 tracks created, tape cassettes in the 70s, both used in automobiles, records started to loose popularity because you could record with these tapes and used in cars. Thomas Stockholm, recording digital, created created binary records. CDs created in 1983. Compact discs remained standard until 1994 until portable, than digital audio in mp3 form, compressed digital audio, 2005 many mp3 players are used.

When recorded music used after 1948, great impact, artists can hear themselves. 1973 digital music was used with number by stockholm. digital music coded with 1s and 0s. Jack Rener released first cd of digital recording in 1982. Mp3 takes data from wav file and makes it smaller -by destroying information that is considered not important. Rise of Mp3 driven down cost of CD. Because of numbers in digital audio, sounds that have never been produced before may be able to be created.

!867: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone and as a result, the microphone. 1877: Thomas Edison invents the phonograph. 1890s: phonograph record sales take off

First song to be recorded was "Marry had a little lamb"

Ediphone-Dictaphone (1878)- (1916)

Initally sold for purpose of secratary like use.

Gramophone (1888) created by Emile Berliner

Wire Recorders (1930) wire winded on drum that rotated, magnetic head moved.....later version magnetic charge, converted into anolog information

Soundscriber (1945)

Flexible vinyls records were cut using a stylus cutting head, playback was made on a dedicated player

Dictabelt (1947)

Flexable belt of vinyl, nothing more the record in flexable belt, 15 minutes of recording

LP (1948)

different speed.....33.333 rpm, more audio can be recorded on device.....45rpm-small album

Reel to reel: record, used for movies, magnetic tape, start process of multi tract recording, cut up tape to record music, sometimes "strange" music

8 track tape, William Powell Lear, 8 tracks of recorded area, couldn't really record yourself

1964, cassettes started, used in cars, record yourself easly

Compact Disc (CD) (Dire Straits first digital recording on ADAT or computor, moved to CD), giving ones and zeros (longs and shorts), aluminan holds data, had label, acrylic, polycarbonate plastic

DAT tapes, primary used in handheld recorders, supposed to replace everything, digital audio, tapes with ones and zeros

ADAT tapes, digital audio tape

Mini Disc, supposed to be more portable, right before mp3

DCC, DVD, mp3

Lossless Audio Compression: MPEG 4, FLAC, APE, TTA

1s and 0s are from binary code

Understanding audio notes:

Beggining of 20th century recordings made "direc to disc", storage/playback media were either wax cylinders or shellac discs, cut live one at a time.....played back on phonograph.....in recording studio musicians aranged around a horn, horn gathered sound and fed it acousticly to a vibrating diaphragm and cutting stylus.....as musicans played, disc and cylinder rotated and pattern was cut into wax or shellac corresponding to the acoustic pressure changes of orignal single....cylinder could then be loaded onto phonograph with a lighter stylus (needle) and the process reversed......pattern on cylinder caused needle and diaphragm to vibrate, and resulting air pressure chnges were amplified by horn......fully acoustic process with no relectronics.....making multiple copies consisted of having several horn-loaded cutting machines lined upand run simulatneously, as well as having the musicians play the piece multiple times......reording, mxing, mastering, and maufacturing processes all rolled into one that happened simultaneously at inital recording session

1920s, moved shifting away from a purely acoustical recording process to an electrical one....microphone could transduce (convert one form of energy into another) the acoustical vibrations of the source into an alernating electrical current, current would feed a drive amp and a cutting sylus....development of the moving coil loudspeaker allowed for the playback process to also be electrified......soon, working in the electrical relm would allow for the possibility of having a setup that included multiple microphones, each accenting a different portion of the ensemble, each feeding its own dedicated preamp and associated circutry, collectivly feeding the drive and amp and cutting sylus.....this development in turn gave rise to the need for a mixer or recording consul (1 device or platform that might group together all level controls and switches).....it also gave rise to the development of a two-room setup (musicans and mics set up, engineer can moniter preformance through console and speakers under more critical conditions)

late 1940s, magnetic ape recording took hold, usd as a safty back up to direct-to-disc recording

warly 1950s, cnosole was a black box the size of a large book, four large roatry knobs (marked 1-10) for respuctive input, one large knob for overall level, a few switches, tube amps for each channel locaed in rackes accessible via a patch bay, equalization (EQ) orginally consited of self-contained plug-in cassettes made up of passive resistors tailored to specific microphones, meant to flatten out the peaks and roll-offs inherent in the sonic characteristics of specific microphones, results ina signal "more equal" to the orignal sound source being captured, eventually EQ would makie it into a console asa series of stepped switches that could be manipulated as desired....artifical reverb generly added to final tape, in form of an acoustical echo chamber

late 1950s to 1980, need for ganged (stereo) faders and equalizers, and stepted panpots, which direct a single towards he left right channel....these last consiting of two level controls (resistors) ganged in inverse proportion.....overdubbing-recording new parts to coincide with and enhance preivously recorded tracks, moniteringwas typically acomplished using four speakers, 8 track reocrding invented, moving away from stepped rotary pots and towards linear faders

AVCWare mac video converter-Switch-change audio files (to wav, mp3, etc)